A variety of techniques have been proposed for modifying travel behavior to yield better environmental solutions. One strategy that is receiving increased attention focuses on altering land use patterns. Kenworthy and Newman's "Gasoline Consumption and Cities" (1989) emphasizes the benefits of traditional, compact cities with mixed land use and clustered housing. The authors report a negative correlation between population density and gasoline consumption. While the research can be challenged on several grounds, planners point to these findings as further evidence that low-density suburban development yields wasteful use of resources. Single-family homes placed on spacious lots widely dispersed from one another foster higher energy consumption. Specifically, decentralization of urban form forces reliance on automobile travel as the dominant means of transportation at the expense of other transportation solutions. Residential and job decentralization to dispersed suburban sites also produces more trips and greater trip lengths than clustered urban forms. However, modifying land use to yield higher densities is a slow process whose benefits are likely to appear only in the long-term.